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Umar of Borno
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin ((アラビア語:اولعمر ابن محمد لرشيد)) or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was ''Shehu'' (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi.
==Reign of Umar==
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837.〔Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), p.72.〕 Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (''wazirs''). Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became ''Shehu''. The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne.〔Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.78-79.〕
Umar ruled as ''Shehu'' for a second time from September 1854 to 1880. Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east. The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno.
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